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ÏÂÃæ½éÉÜÔÚ Linux ²Ù×÷ϵͳÖÐÖØÆôºÍ¹Ø±ÕÏà¹ØµÄÃüÁshutdown¡¢reboot¡¢init¡¢halt¡¢poweroff¡¢systemctl£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÐèÒªÀ´Ñ¡ÔñÊÊºÏµÄ Linux ÃüÁî¹Ø±Õ»òÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÏµÍ³¡£ÆäÖÐ shutdown¡¢halt¡¢poweroff¡¢reboot ÃüÁîÊÇÓÃÀ´Í£»ú¡¢ÖØÆô»òÇжϵçÔ´£¬ systemctl ÃüÁî¹ÜÀí systemd£¬ÊÇ Linux ϵͳºÍ·þÎñÆ÷µÄ¹ÜÀí³ÌÐò¡£
ʹÓà shutdown ÃüÁî¹Ø±ÕºÍÖØÆô Linux ϵͳ
shutdown ÃüÁîÓÃÓڶϵç»òÖØÆô±¾µØºÍÔ¶³ÌµÄ Linux »úÆ÷¡£ËüΪ¸ßЧÍê³É×÷ÒµÌṩ¶à¸öÑ¡Ïî¡£Èç¹ûʹÓÃÁËʱ¼ä²ÎÊý£¬ÏµÍ³¹Ø±ÕµÄ 5 ·ÖÖÓ֮ǰ£¬»á´´½¨ /run/nologin Îļþ£¬ÒÔÈ·±£ºóÐøµÄµÇ¼»á±»¾Ü¾ø¡£
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# shutdown [OPTION] [TIME] [MESSAGE]
ÔËÐÐÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁîÀ´Á¢¼´¹Ø±Õ Linux »úÆ÷¡£Ëü»áÁ¢¿ÌɱËÀËùÓнø³Ì£¬²¢¹Ø±Õϵͳ£º
# shutdown -h now
-h£ºÈç¹û²»ÌØÖ¸ -halt Ñ¡ÏÕâµÈ¼ÛÓÚ -poweroff Ñ¡Ïî¡£
ÁíÍâÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓôøÓÐ -halt Ñ¡ÏîµÄ shutdown ÃüÁîÀ´Á¢¼´¹Ø±ÕÉ豸£º
# shutdown --halt now
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# shutdown -H now
-H, --halt£ºÍ£Ö¹É豸ÔËÐС£
ÁíÍâÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓôøÓÐ poweroff Ñ¡ÏîµÄ shutdown ÃüÁîÀ´Á¢¼´¹Ø±ÕÉ豸£º
# shutdown --poweroff now
»òÕߣº
# shutdown -P now
-P, --poweroff£ºÇжϵçÔ´£¨Ä¬ÈÏ£©¡£
Èç¹ûÄúûÓÐʹÓÃʱ¼äÑ¡ÏîÔËÐÐÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁËü½«»áÔÚÒ»·ÖÖÓºóÖ´Ðиø³öµÄÃüÁ
# shutdown -h
Shutdown scheduled for THU 2018-11-01 06:42:31 EDT, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
ÆäËûµÄµÇ¼Óû§¶¼ÄÜÔÚÖжÏÖп´µ½ÈçϵĹ㲥ÏûÏ¢£º
Broadcast message from root@2daygeek.com (THU 2018-11-01 06:41:31 EDT):
The system is going down for power-off at THU 2018-11-01 06:42:31 EDT!
¶ÔÓÚʹÓÃÁË -halt Ñ¡Ï
# shutdown -H
Shutdown scheduled for THU 2018-11-01 06:37:53 EDT, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
¶ÔÓÚʹÓÃÁË -poweroff Ñ¡Ï
# shutdown -P
Shutdown scheduled for THU 2018-11-01 06:40:07 EDT, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
¿ÉÒÔÔÚÄúµÄÖÕ¶ËÉÏÇû÷ shutdown -c Ñ¡ÏîÈ¡Ïû²Ù×÷£º
# shutdown -c
ÆäËûµÄµÇ¼Óû§¶¼ÄÜÔÚÖжÏÖп´µ½ÈçϵĹ㲥ÏûÏ¢£º
Broadcast message from root@vps.2daygeek.com (THU 2018-11-01 06:41:35 EDT):
The system shutdown has been cancelled at THU 2018-11-01 06:42:35 EDT!
Ìí¼Óʱ¼ä²ÎÊý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÏëÔÚ N ÃëÖ®ºóÖ´ÐйرջòÖØÆô²Ù×÷¡£ÕâÀÄú¿ÉÒÔΪËùÓеǼÓû§Ìí¼Ó×Ô¶¨Òå¹ã²¥ÏûÏ¢¡£ÀýÈ磬ÎÒÃǽ«ÔÚÎå·ÖÖÓºóÖØÆôÉ豸£º
# shutdown -r +5 "To activate the latest Kernel"
Shutdown scheduled for THU 2018-11-01 07:13:16 EDT, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
ÔËÐÐÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁîÁ¢¼´ÖØÆô Linux »úÆ÷¡£Ëü»áÁ¢¼´É±ËÀËùÓнø³Ì²¢ÇÒÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÏµÍ³£º
# shutdown -r now
-r, --reboot£º ÖØÆôÉ豸¡£
ͨ¹ý reboot ÃüÁî¹Ø±ÕºÍÖØÆô Linux ϵͳ
reboot ÃüÁîÓÃÓڹرպÍÖØÆô±¾µØ»òÔ¶³ÌÉ豸¡£reboot ÃüÁîÓµÓÐÁ½¸öʵÓõÄÑ¡Ïî¡£
ËüÄܹ»ÓÅÑŵĹرպÍÖØÆôÉ豸£¨¾ÍºÃÏñÔÚϵͳ²Ëµ¥Öеë¼ÇÖØÆôÑ¡ÏîÒ»Ñù¼òµ¥£©¡£
Ö´Ðв»´øÈκβÎÊýµÄ reboot ÃüÁîÀ´ÖØÆô Linux »úÆ÷£º
# reboot
Ö´Ðдø -p ²ÎÊýµÄ reboot ÃüÁîÀ´¹Ø±Õ Linux »úÆ÷µçÔ´£º
# reboot -p
-p, --poweroff£ºµ÷Óà halt »ò poweroff ÃüÁÇжÏÉ豸µçÔ´¡£
Ö´Ðдø -f ²ÎÊýµÄ reboot ÃüÁîÀ´Ç¿ÖÆÖØÆô Linux É豸£¨ÕâÀàËÆ°´Ñ¹»úÆ÷ÉϵĵçÔ´¼ü£©£º
# reboot -f
-f, --force£ºÁ¢¿ÌÇ¿ÖÆÖжϣ¬ÇжϵçÔ´»òÖØÆô¡£
ͨ¹ý init ÃüÁî¹Ø±ÕºÍÖØÆô Linux ϵͳ
init£¨“initialization” µÄ¼òд£©ÊÇϵͳÆô¶¯µÄµÚÒ»¸ö½ø³Ì¡£
Ëü½«»á¼ì²é /etc/inittab Îļþ²¢¾ö¶¨ linux ÔËÐм¶±ð¡£Í¬Ê±£¬ÔÊÐíÓû§ÔÚ Linux É豸ÉÏÖ´Ðйػú»òÖØÆô²Ù×÷. ÕâÀï´æÔÚ´Ó 0 µ½ 6 µÄÆß¸öÔËÐеȼ¶¡£
Ö´ÐÐÒÔÏ init ÃüÁî¹Ø±Õϵͳ£º
# init 0
0£º Í£»ú – ¹Ø±Õϵͳ¡£
ÔËÐÐÏÂÃæµÄ init ÃüÁîÖØÆôÉ豸£º
# init 6
6£ºÖØÆô – ÖØÆôÉ豸¡£
ͨ¹ý halt ÃüÁî¹Ø±ÕºÍÖØÆô Linux ϵͳ
halt ÃüÁîÓÃÀ´ÇжϵçÔ´»ò¹Ø±ÕÔ¶³Ì Linux »úÆ÷»ò±¾µØÖ÷»ú¡£ÖжÏËùÓнø³Ì²¢¹Ø±Õ cpu£º
# halt
ͨ¹ý poweroff ÃüÁî¹Ø±ÕºÍÖØÆô Linux ϵͳ
poweroff ÃüÁîÓÃÀ´ÇжϵçÔ´»ò¹Ø±ÕÔ¶³Ì Linux »úÆ÷»ò±¾µØÖ÷»ú¡£poweroff ºÜÏñ halt£¬µ«ÊÇËü¿ÉÒԹرÕÉ豸Ӳ¼þ£¨µÆºÍÆäËû PC ÉÏµÄÆäËü¶«Î÷£©¡£Ëü»á¸øÖ÷°å·¢ËÍ ACPI Ö¸ÁȻºóÐźŷ¢Ë͵½µçÔ´£¬ÇжϵçÔ´¡£
# poweroff
ͨ¹ý systemctl ÃüÁî¹Ø±ÕºÍÖØÆô Linux ϵͳ
systemd ÊÇÒ»¿îÊÊÓÃÓÚËùÓÐÖ÷Á÷ Linux ·¢ÐͰæµÄȫРinit ϵͳºÍϵͳ¹ÜÀíÆ÷£¬¶ø²»ÊÇ´«Í³µÄ SysV init ϵͳ¡£
systemd ¼æÈÝÓë SysV ºÍ LSB ³õʼ»¯½Å±¾¡£ËüÄܹ»Ìæ´ú SysV init ϵͳ¡£systemd ÊÇÄÚºËÆô¶¯µÄµÚÒ»¸ö½ø³Ì£¬²¢³ÖÓÐÐòºÅΪ 1 µÄ½ø³Ì PID¡£
ËüÊÇÒ»Çнø³ÌµÄ¸¸½ø³Ì£¬Fedora 15 ÊǵÚÒ»¸öÊÊÅä°²×° systemd £¨Ìæ´úÁË upstart£©µÄ·¢Ðа档
systemctl ÊÇÃüÁîÐÐϹÜÀí systemd ÊØ»¤½ø³ÌºÍ·þÎñµÄÖ÷Òª¹¤¾ß£¨Èç start¡¢restart¡¢stop¡¢enable¡¢disable¡¢reload & status£©¡£
systemd ʹÓà .service Îļþ¶ø²»ÊÇ SysV init ʹÓÃµÄ bash ½Å±¾¡£ systemd ½«ËùÓÐÊØ»¤½ø³Ì¹éÓë×ÔÉíµÄ Linux cgroups Óû§×éÏ£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔä¯ÀÀ /cgroup/systemd Îļþ²é¿´¸Ãϵͳ²ã´ÎµÈ¼¶£º
# systemctl halt
# systemctl poweroff
# systemctl reboot
# systemctl suspend
# systemctl hibernate
½áÓï
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